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      "title_narrative":["MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis"],
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      "title_narrative":["Evaluating the role of pharmacists and m-Health strategies in the management of hypertension in General Pueyrredon"],
      "description_narrative":["Hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors in Argentina and the cause of a high number of diseases and deaths. Although there is extensive knowledge about effective treatments and preventive strategies, there is a gap that limits the translation of this knowledge on the benefits of the patients, especially of the poorer ones. Almost half of hypertensive patients do not know their condition and most of them are not appropriately controlled. Lack of access to health services due to multiple types of barriers as well as the lack of patients' adherence to control and treatment are the main problems that explain this gap. The incorporation and integration of the pharmacists to the health system and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have showed highly promising results in the improvement of the management of this condition; however, they are scarcely used in Argentina. In 2018, the Secretariat of Health of the Municipality of General Pueyrredón, Province of Buenos Aires, prompted an innovating community-program, which incorporates the pharmacists to the municipal health system as well as a virtual platform (\"Health MGP\", https://saludmgp.rpmplay.com/) and a mobile app targeted to hypertensive patients. Pharmacists' incorporation will improve patients' access to health services, as most people have a pharmacy near their home and they do not need a scheduled turn to assist. Besides, pharmacists will collaborate in patients' follow-up, through blood pressure, counselling and medication use supervision. The virtual platform will permit hypertensive patients to be part of a virtual community, in which other hypertensive patients and health professionals participate and through which, the patient can interact with others and be actively involved in the management of the disease. The mobile app will send reminders to hypertensive patients to support their involvement in the program and reinforce adherence to recommendations. We propose a mixed-study to assess the access, acceptability, adoption and impact of this program, and to use this experience as a case study to promote the debate among key stakeholders of the policy and legal fields about the pharmacists' participation in the health system as well as the use of ICTs in the management of NCDs and hypertension. The incorporation of these technologies not only constitutes the future in the management of Chronic Disease but also represents a shift in the paradigm of care. They contribute to the transformation of the health system from one that is essentially reactive to one that is proactive through the active involvement of the patient in the self-management of their disease.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["A mathematical modeling framework for tuberculosis burden estimation and economic evaluation of pharmaceutical interventions"],
      "description_narrative":["Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of disease and death globally. In 2015, WHO estimated there were 9.6 million TB cases and 1.5 TB deaths. Nearly 500,000 of these cases were resistant to two or more of the main drugs used to treat TB. New drugs, and combinations of drugs, are being developed to treat tuberculosis, as are new vaccines that may protect against disease in adults.  Quantifying the burden of TB is fundamental to understanding its global epidemiology and for making appropriate resource allocation decisions. Most estimates of new TB case numbers each year rely strongly on the number of cases reported by countries in that year to WHO. Unfortunately, one in three TB cases are thought to go either undetected or unreported, so the number of cases reported underestimates the number of new cases. While one can correct for this, it is hard to know exactly how much to adjust the reported numbers. Some countries have good systems for recording causes of deaths, which can be used to estimate the number of deaths caused by TB. Increasingly, large and expensive prevalence surveys are being used to estimate the number of people with active disease in a population. These estimates are less subject to bias, but measure a different quantity. Little work has explored the best way of combining these three data sources.  A major goal of this work is to use mathematical transmission models for burden estimation and provide a unified framework for all data. These models yield the number of new cases, deaths, and also the prevalence of disease. They explicitly represent disease transmission and so introduce a dependence between the number of new cases in different years. These models involve parameters evidenced from previous epidemiological work, but must be calibrated to learn from data on TB reports, deaths and prevalence. Calibration means adjusting imperfectly known model parameters in order to match observed model outputs to the data. This process provides a model that may be used to make predictions about burden, but may also teach us something about the underlying processes. Many of the parameters concerning the epidemiology and disease course of TB are quite uncertain, and this uncertainty is rarely represented fully in models needing calibration, but will be done in this project using statistical techniques that also allow comparison of different models' performance.   TB burden estimation and calibration of transmission models are almost always carried out on a country-by-country basis. Many parameters describing disease progression are likely to be similar in different countries, even if their exact values differ for unknown reasons. Hierarchical modelling techniques allow such parameters to be correlated between countries. This can improve precision, particularly for countries with little data, as estimates can be informed by data from neighbouring countries. I will explore these techniques for the transmission model, and also in statistical modelling aiming to account for the observed patterns of drug-resistance. The transmission model will ultimately be extended to include different types of drug resistance.  As new treatments and vaccines emerge, those with responsibility for public health will want to understand the potential impact these new technologies can have in terms of gains in health, and changes in spending. Producing cost-effectiveness and budget impact evidence requires a model that includes transmission, in order to account for indirect benefits accrued by avoiding secondary cases. We will use our model to provide guidance to decision-makers seeking to maximise health gain with limited resources. We will also analyse sources of uncertainty in the model to identify future research that would have most value in increasing the precision of burden estimates and in reducing decision uncertainty around the introduction of new interventions.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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