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      "title_narrative":["Impact of Wood Burning Air Pollution on Preeclampsia and other Pregnancy Outcomes in Temuco"],
      "description_narrative":["Exposure to air pollutants has important acute and chronic health effects. An important effect that has been recently studied is pregnancy effects of pollutants. Scarce literature exists related to impacts of pollutants on preeclampsia and even less about the specific impact of residential wood burning emissions on pregnancy outcomes. Temuco is located in southern Chile and is known for its very high concentrations of air pollutants associated to residential wood burning.   The main objective of this proposal is to determine whether exposure to air pollutants (specifically PM2.5 and wood burning tracer) have an impact on preeclampsia and other pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight, birth weight, small of gestational age, preterm birth). Reproductive data will be obtained from available databases at the Hospital Dr. Hernan Henriquez Aravena in Temuco and Padre Las Casas between 2009 and 2015. A total of approximately 18,000 pregnancies are expected. A year-long air pollution campaign will be performed in 3 10-week sessions, including a total of 20 fixed-site sampling points and mobile measurements. The studied pollutants will be PM2.5 and wood burning tracers within it (levoglucosan and others). Data will be fitted to produce spatial models and maps using the Land-Use Regression approach. This model will be used to estimate individual exposures by trimester to the subjects using residential geocoding and historical PM measurements. Finally, logistic and linear regression models will be fitted to estimate the impact of air pollutants exposure on the selected outcomes, adjusting for other individual and temporal variables.   Expected results are i) an air pollution characterization of the campaigns with emphasis in wood burning tracers, ii) a Land-Use Regression model for air pollutants in Temuco including maps of air pollutants, iii) a pregnancy outcome descriptive characterization for the study period in Temuco, iv) results of the epidemiological study showing whether air pollutants (emphasizing wood burning emissions) have impacts on the studied pregnancy outcomes. To achieve these objective, we will assemble a capable team of both Chilean and UK researchers. Four ISI articles are expected as scientific production.   Additionally, four master thesis, one doctoral thesis, and a two final workshops in Chile to disseminate the research findings.","The Newton Fund builds research and innovation partnerships with developing countries across the world to promote the economic development and social welfare of the partner countries."],
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      "description_narrative":["Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) pose a significant hazard to communities and infrastructure in many mountainous parts of the world, including Chile and a number of other lower income countries.  This GLOF hazard has increased over the last century as glaciers recede in response to global climate change forming a growing number of glacial lake systems. Outburst floods can occur anywhere that water is stored beneath or on the surface of a glacier, where water becomes ponded behind an ice front or ice dam, or where water is stored in proglacial lakes that develop between a moraine and a receding glacier margin. Lakes in the latter category (moraine-dammed lakes) are particularly hazardous because a sudden collapse of the moraine dam can trigger the release of large volumes of ponded water.  In Peru alone, outburst floods from glacial sources caused ~ 32,000 deaths in the 20th century, as well as destroying vital economic infrastructure, settlements and valuable arable land. In the Nepal Himalaya, it has been estimated that the costs associated with the destruction of a mature single hydropower installation by an outburst flood could exceed USD 500 million. Ice-dammed and moraine-dammed lakes are now developing in Chile as glaciers recede. They pose an ever-increasing threat to communities and infrastructure downstream.   This project will answer questions concerning the past, present and future glacial hazards in Chile. We will assess their changing magnitude, frequency, and distribution under current and future global climate change.  We will produce the first complete inventory of historical GLOFs in Chile  and identify sites that have the potential to develop glacial hazards in the future. We will use physically-based numerical models to simulate GLOFs at sites identified as posing a high hazard and use these simulations to make hazard and flood risk predictions that can inform planners and decision-makers in Chile and other lower income countries globally.","The Newton Fund builds research and innovation partnerships with developing countries across the world to promote the economic development and social welfare of the partner countries."],
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      "title_narrative":["Catapult SEMDAC - Call 1"],
      "description_narrative":["Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing\nis estimated to cost the global economy $20 billion\nannually and is a cover for other illegal activities\nsuch as slavery and smuggling. It robs legitimate\nfishers and governments of revenue, undermines\nth","Objectives"],
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      "title_narrative":["Evaluating the role of fiscal policy in improving diets and preventing chronic disease in Chile: impact evaluation and modelling"],
      "description_narrative":["Chronic diseases (e.g. stroke, heart diseases, and diabetes) - often driven by unhealthy diets - account for a fast growing share of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. They impose not only a disease but also a substantial economic burden to the countries concerned. Chile is facing an enormous challenge to curb rising rates of obesity and diet-related ill-health. Much of this disease burden is affecting the poor more than the rich within Chile. Making healthier choices more affordable - and unhealthier options more expensive - might appear as a promising option to tackle the problem. After all, using price incentives has been shown to work very effectively in the efforts to reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption, where tax policies have long been applied. Yet when it comes to using economic incentives to promote healthier diet choices, we are so far left with preciously little, convincing evidence on whether such tax or subsidy policies would in fact have the desired results. This is because the bulk of the \"evidence\" is based on hypothetical modelling of such policies, rather than on the evaluation of actual examples of cases where they have been implemented in the real world. Chile is one out of a handful of countries world-wide that have now - in September 2014 - implemented a price incentive for healthier diets. More specifically, the Chilean Government has increased the excise tax on sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), while reducing the tax on what it considers as non-SSBs. This is a great and extremely rare opportunity to first of all evaluate whether this policy has worked over a comparatively short period of time (1 year). Conducting such an evaluation is challenging and requires the use of methods that produce credible impact evidence, even though the policy has not been implemented as a randomised experiment (which is what would have happened if evaluating the effectiveness of a new drug). This is the case in many areas of public health, however, and there are methods out there that have been, and can be, applied. The other challenge is that suitable data is not readily at hand in many countries, including in Chile, to conduct such an analysis. There is, however, high quality, detailed household purchasing data routinely collected by certain commercial market research companies, and we strongly believe this is the only data that currently allows us to assess the policy impact. Such data is exceptionally fine-grained, providing information on essentially all take-home purchases of beverages made by a nationally representative set of households over several years before and after the Chilean policy entered into force. Once we have evaluated whether the policy has 'worked', in terms of reducing unhealthy beverage purchasing, we then also want to know whether this short term effect translates into meaningful longer term health effects. This can only be done via complex modelling of the longer term consequences, and the team has the expertise and track record to develop such models. In addition, the Chilean Government is keen to explore further refinements to this policy. In order to directly inform such deliberations, we will use our model to also analyse a range of related tax or subsidy policies, again aimed at promoting healthier diets, which appear at least promising on the basis of existing evidence. We have established a suitable, two-way communication channel with the senior policymakers in the Ministry of Health that will help ensure that the kind of evidence we produce will answer to the knowledge needs of the Government, without unduly interfering with the research.  Overall, this research will contribute vital evidence not only to the Chilean government but also to many other low- and middle-income countries also facing the challenge of diet-related ill health and eager to understand the actual scope for fiscal policies in the promotion of healthier diets and the prevention of chronic diseases.","The Newton Fund builds research and innovation partnerships with developing countries across the world to promote the economic development and social welfare of the partner countries."],
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      "title_narrative":["Large Grants Innovation Call - Restricted Access Pilot Project: Interdisciplinary perspectives on clean energy production and landscape conservation in North Patagonia"],
      "description_narrative":["Pilot project explores the ways in which the designation of certain forms of conservation landscape facilitate specific forms of environmentally damaging non-conservation activities. Benefits conservation and heritage sectors Chile, Argentina. SDGs 7,11,15","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["Real-time low-cost monitoring for hydro-geomorphological risk reduction in Chile"],
      "description_narrative":["Communities in areas prone to natural hazards often have little information about the human and economic losses that may occur in the event of a disaster, or the information needed to minimize such losses. This project is therefore concerned with advancing scientific understanding of the processes occurring in extremely dynamic hydro-geomorphological (river flood) systems, some of which are continuing to adjust following volcanic eruptions over a range of timescales. Advancing process understanding will enable alerts and warnings to be provided to competent authorities, facilitating effective decision making and communication to local communities.  Lahar flows and large-scale injections of sediment into river systems during recent volcanic eruptions in Chile (e.g. Chaiten in 2008 and Calbuco in 2015) have resulted in major economic and social costs through damage to homes, transport infrastructure, power plants, salmon farms and tourist businesses. The associated evacuation of entire towns and rural areas highlights an increasing vulnerability and emphasizes the need for improved risk prediction and mitigation.    The project will develop improved systems for predicting (a) the timing and magnitude of hydrological hazards and (b) the longer term impacts of sediment release causing flooding in downstream river channels, and will provide (c) training and a 'tool kit' for local authorities to ensure that the monitoring developments in Chile have longevity beyond the project duration.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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