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      "title_narrative":["Protecting civilians from harm: How humanitarians can encourage armed actors to comply with norms"],
      "description_narrative":["Protection has been systematically underfunded as an area of humanitarian action. One of the reasons for this is that humanitarian organizations have found it difficult to demonstrate the impact of their interventions. One problem is that the theories of change - that is, descriptions how activities lead to impact in a particular context - are often not made explicit. Achieving protection is a complex social change process. Rigid tools like classical log-frames are not well suited to planning and monitoring interventions in conflict contexts. The lack of more elaborate theories of change does not only make it harder to demonstrate the impact of protection interventions. It can also have negative effects on the design of protection interventions as it is harder to check assumptions, trace preconditions, and locate activities within a broader chain of results.\n\nThe research project focuses on a particular type of protection intervention, namely efforts to encourage armed actors to comply with norms, referred to as restraint. The research starts by analysing and reconstructing the theories of change on which restraint activities are built. The research project then compares these theories of change with the perceptions of armed actors on what influences their behaviour towards civilians. It also establishes to what extent armed actors, protection actors, and conflict-affected communities perceive protection interventions as effective. The research will focus on Iraq. Project partner, the Institute of Regional and International Studies at the American University of Iraq, sought out the views of state security forces and non-state armed groups in Iraq. The research team also cross-checked with affected communities what they believe worked and what didn’t. Internal conflict has been a key development challenge for Iraq over the past decade and more. In this context, activities helping to ensure a better protection of civilians can make a critical contribution to help prevent the country from slipping back into conflict. The proposed research project will help develop or refine theories of change for preventive protection activities (i.e. activities that seek to encourage armed actors not to commit protection violations). This is expected to improve protection programs in Iraq as the theories of change will enable protection actors to better plan their activities. The research will also analyse the motivations and perceptions of armed actors. With this information, protection actors will be able to design programs that better fit the realities on the ground\n\nFirst, the reconstruction and development of theories of change is expected to make a direct contribution to how humanitarian organizations plan and implement protection interventions. Second, it will also contribute to the knowledge about evaluating impact of protection activities, an area where little research exists so far. Third, by focusing on Iraq, the project aims to inform the conceptual approach of protection research, moving away from only focusing on direct deaths and injuries, to also account for indirect mortality and injury caused by attacks on hospitals and other infrastructure.","Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges."],
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      "title_narrative":["Iraqibacter: Exploring the Links Between War and Antimicrobial Resistance"],
      "description_narrative":["WHO and the G20 have identified the growing threats of Anti-Microbial resistance (AMR) as a major concern that will define the future of global health. Despite these urgent calls, the emergence of AMR in settings of war and distress migration has not been systematically explored. Case reports from Syria, Iraq, Libya, Yemen, and Afghanistan have shown the proliferation of AMR in combatants and civilians injured in these protracted conflicts. With regional conflicts spreading across state borders as well as one of the largest global refugee crises in decades, AMR in the context of conflict has come to pose a serious threat both regionally and internationally. So began penicillin in the Second World War: antibiotics arose in war. Today, in the context of long-running military conflicts we see harbingers of the end of antibiotics. The core question underpinning this proposal is how war, particularly weapons and the industrialised, urbanised context of contemporary conflicts, drives antibiotic resistance by contaminating the environment and the human and non-human organisms that live there. So far, there has been no systematic or holistic consideration of the environmental health impacts of contemporary conflicts conducted in cities.  Our program draws together scholars working in the fields of medicine, anthropology, history of science, ethics, epidemiology, microbiology, molecular biology, and environmental sciences to examine the specific intersection of antibiotic resistance and war. Rather than focus on antibiotic resistance as a universal problem afflicting modern societies in general, we focus first on the impact of global conflict on antibiotic resistance more holistically, and second on the case of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacer baumanii (MDRAB), initially reported by American military surgeons under the moniker Iraqibacter, and that has been identified recently by the WHO as a \"critical pathogen\" for research and the development of new antibiotics. We will focus on a number of specific countries - Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Yemen, and Lebanon-places with history of protracted conflicts and with different, yet overlapping, ecologies of war.  The potential global health significance of conflict-related heavy metal mediated antimicrobial resistance is enormous and warrants further study. It will contribute to the field of environmental pathways for antimicrobial resistance more broadly as well as informing the specific intersection of war and antibiotic resistance.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["Exploring Narrative Storytelling as Mental Health Support for Women Experiencing Gender-based Violence in High Prevalence Settings"],
      "description_narrative":["Our partnership brings together medical experts, poets, civil society organisations, and feminist activists working on GBV in the UK and across the Middle East, North Africa and Asia to develop a narrative storytelling approach to gender-based violence (GBV) against women in high prevalence settings. Setting that have a high prevalence of GBV (where over 50% of women experience violence in their lifetime) are often countries or regions where GBV is publicly accepted as a normal part of women's everyday lives and condoned by state inaction. This is the case in the regions and countries included in our proposal, namely: Afghanistan, Kashmir (India), Tunisia, Kurdistan (Iraq), and Turkey. Storytelling is widely used as a means of personal expression in response to violence in these contexts, drawing on their shared socio-cultural origins as ancient Persian societies. Our collaboration draws on this shared history and the cultural importance of storytelling to develop a culturally-relevant intervention for women experiencing gender-based violence. We do this through four main activities: (1) collaboratively designing a potential storytelling intervention based on our team's diverse expertise from the medical sciences (psychiatry, psychology) and the humanities (humanitarian ethics, gender and women's studies, literature studies, poetry); (2) tailoring and piloting the intervention with women residing in safe houses in Kurdistan (Iraq); (3) developing an online networking tool to foster collaborations related to the pilot study and build future project ideas; and (4) creating a collection of stories based on women's accounts to reach a broad national and international audience to effect social change. This is an innovative approach to creating a culturally-relevant intervention to address the mental health needs of women experiencing GBV in high prevalence settings and will ideally challenge discourses that accept violence in the lives of women as part of a broader project of social change.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["MICA: The third, Intensive care bundle with blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage (INTERACT3) trial"],
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