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      "title_narrative":["G-quadruplex biology in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum"],
      "description_narrative":["IIB Research Boards May/Jun 2016 - RM 2017 award focusing on a new biological mechanism that the Malaria parasite may use for switching between var genes and for generating new variants in Africa","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["A mathematical modeling framework for tuberculosis burden estimation and economic evaluation of pharmaceutical interventions"],
      "description_narrative":["Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of disease and death globally. In 2015, WHO estimated there were 9.6 million TB cases and 1.5 TB deaths. Nearly 500,000 of these cases were resistant to two or more of the main drugs used to treat TB. New drugs, and combinations of drugs, are being developed to treat tuberculosis, as are new vaccines that may protect against disease in adults.  Quantifying the burden of TB is fundamental to understanding its global epidemiology and for making appropriate resource allocation decisions. Most estimates of new TB case numbers each year rely strongly on the number of cases reported by countries in that year to WHO. Unfortunately, one in three TB cases are thought to go either undetected or unreported, so the number of cases reported underestimates the number of new cases. While one can correct for this, it is hard to know exactly how much to adjust the reported numbers. Some countries have good systems for recording causes of deaths, which can be used to estimate the number of deaths caused by TB. Increasingly, large and expensive prevalence surveys are being used to estimate the number of people with active disease in a population. These estimates are less subject to bias, but measure a different quantity. Little work has explored the best way of combining these three data sources.  A major goal of this work is to use mathematical transmission models for burden estimation and provide a unified framework for all data. These models yield the number of new cases, deaths, and also the prevalence of disease. They explicitly represent disease transmission and so introduce a dependence between the number of new cases in different years. These models involve parameters evidenced from previous epidemiological work, but must be calibrated to learn from data on TB reports, deaths and prevalence. Calibration means adjusting imperfectly known model parameters in order to match observed model outputs to the data. This process provides a model that may be used to make predictions about burden, but may also teach us something about the underlying processes. Many of the parameters concerning the epidemiology and disease course of TB are quite uncertain, and this uncertainty is rarely represented fully in models needing calibration, but will be done in this project using statistical techniques that also allow comparison of different models' performance.   TB burden estimation and calibration of transmission models are almost always carried out on a country-by-country basis. Many parameters describing disease progression are likely to be similar in different countries, even if their exact values differ for unknown reasons. Hierarchical modelling techniques allow such parameters to be correlated between countries. This can improve precision, particularly for countries with little data, as estimates can be informed by data from neighbouring countries. I will explore these techniques for the transmission model, and also in statistical modelling aiming to account for the observed patterns of drug-resistance. The transmission model will ultimately be extended to include different types of drug resistance.  As new treatments and vaccines emerge, those with responsibility for public health will want to understand the potential impact these new technologies can have in terms of gains in health, and changes in spending. Producing cost-effectiveness and budget impact evidence requires a model that includes transmission, in order to account for indirect benefits accrued by avoiding secondary cases. We will use our model to provide guidance to decision-makers seeking to maximise health gain with limited resources. We will also analyse sources of uncertainty in the model to identify future research that would have most value in increasing the precision of burden estimates and in reducing decision uncertainty around the introduction of new interventions.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["Analysing the policy and governance environment for NCD control, and identifying potential policy options."],
      "description_narrative":["The Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have emerged as the most important global threat to human health and wellbeing. Four major NCDs - heart disease, cancers, diabetes, respiratory diseases - cause the deaths of 38 million people every year, of whom 16 million die prematurely (under the age of 70 years). These diseases cause chronic illness and disability and are a source of suffering and financial hardship for individuals, families, communities and health systems struggling to provide continuous care for people with long-term health problems. The NCDs affect populations across the globe - and they are now the leading cause of death in many low and middle income countries.   Many of these diseases are driven by exposure to commercial products - tobacco, alcohol, highly processed foods (including the so-called 'junk foods') which have high levels of salt, sugar and/or trans-fats. Evidence shows that limiting exposure to these products is likely to bring health benefits, but it is often very difficult for individuals to sustain 'healthy behaviours' over their lifetime. Evidence-informed prevention strategies most likely to bring benefit to the largest numbers of people include: regulating exposure, e.g. taxation on products known to be health-reducing, such as sugary drinks; restricting access, e.g. no sales of tobacco to children, non-smoking zones in public spaces; or reformulating products to make them less likely to cause harm, e.g. lowering the salt content of processed foods. Such strategies, when implemented well, can have a significant impact on improving population health.   However, Governments face many challenges in implementing these policies - for example, there may be resistance from strong and powerful commercial companies that have a vested interest in selling their products. Moreover, in many countries, there is little policy experience in tackling the NCDs.   In this project we propose to undertake detailed policy analyses to identify acceptable and feasible options for Governments in both low- and middle-income countries to tackle the growing burden of NCDs in their countries. Our work will focus on three policy areas - control of sugar, salt and trans-fats in processed foods. We will work with researchers in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Tunisia and Vietnam to identify how the Government in each country is currently tackling NCDs. We will then map out the influences on policy options operating in each country. Such influences are likely to include the role of powerful stakeholders such as the food producing and selling industries, the media, the medical establishment, the Ministry of trade, etc. We will also identify whether any civil society groups (in some countries this might mean, for example, groups of parents concerned about junk-food marketing to children; in other countries it will include groups of patients suffering from diet-related NCDs such as diabetes) are working on policy issues. We will conduct interviews with key stakeholders to better understand the opportunities for seeing effective policy implemented for controlling sugar, salt and/or trans-fats, as well as identifying the challenges and barriers to putting effective policy options into operation.   This kind of health analysis requires a specific skill set which is not common in many countries. As part of our project we will therefore establish and strengthen the capacity of a network of researchers from all 8 countries (including the UK), who will support each other to carry out the analyses and interpret the findings. We will foster cross-learning of policy successes between different countries. In addition, we will promote engagement and dialogue with a wide variety of stakeholders in each country throughout the lifetime of the project in order to ensure that the findings of the research carry meaning and weight in policy decisions to improve population health both in the 7 research countries and beyond.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["Capacity building in dietary monitoring and public health nutrition in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries"],
      "description_narrative":["In common with many Western countries, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has a major problem with obesity and the associated public health issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been developing new health policies to lower intakes of sugar, saturated fats, trans fats and salt with the aim of reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity) in children and adults. To implement these policies successfully it is essential to have high quality food composition and food intake data to underpin research into the links between diet and health and to enable effective dietary monitoring and policy development. Most EMR countries use international food composition tables that include foods consumed in western diets with different nutrient composition, especially for mixed and traditional dishes. Some of these data from other countries are outdated and do not reflect the composition of foods currently consumed in EMR countries, meaning that calculated nutrient intakes are inaccurate. Methods of measuring dietary intake also need to be up-to-date and use appropriate food information. This project intends to provide technical and scientific support for researchers (mainly food and nutrition experts) in LMIC countries in the EMR, and will also provide training in the use of improved standardized methods for production and management of food composition and food intake data and also identify appropriate biological markers of food nutritional value and measurements of health outcomes. A review will be undertaken of food and nutrient intakes in the LMICs to develop strategies for reducing sugary and fatty foods in these diets based on new WHO guidelines. The Quadram Bioscience Institute, that aims to develop solutions to worldwide challenges in human health, food and infectious disease and non communicable disease, will lead the project in partnership with the WHO EMR office. The latter will help to coordinate and co-align regional activities to ensure public health priorities are targeted effectively. Three main activities will underpin capacity building in the EMR with a focus on 10 target LMICs (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Sudan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran & Afghanistan). The project will build on existing links with the WHO EMR and will develop and extend activities with LMIC in the EMR. Four main activities are planned: (1) Training and knowledge exchange workshops; (2) Short-term exchanges of researchers; (3) Development and application of harmonised protocols for pilot sample collection, food analysis, data generation and creation of online regional food composition datasets; (4) Development of possible dietary and other strategies to support reduction in intake of sugary and fatty foods. The main outcomes will be to build capacity and practical skills in the LMIC to improve production, management and use of food composition and dietary intake data, and biomarkers. Knowledge of European and International standards will be disseminated, with support from WHO, to experts across the region. Networks of expertise within the region will also be an important outcome leading to increased collaboration and effective data sharing. The project will enable more efficient use of better quality, region specific, food composition and intake data that can be used for research, monitoring and policy development. This will benefit LMICs in the region by providing data and tools that can encourage reduction of sugar, saturated fat, trans fats and salt and thereby reduce the incidence of diet related disease.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_R024286_1",
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      "title_narrative":["Exploring Narrative Storytelling as Mental Health Support for Women Experiencing Gender-based Violence in High Prevalence Settings"],
      "description_narrative":["Our partnership brings together medical experts, poets, civil society organisations, and feminist activists working on GBV in the UK and across the Middle East, North Africa and Asia to develop a narrative storytelling approach to gender-based violence (GBV) against women in high prevalence settings. Setting that have a high prevalence of GBV (where over 50% of women experience violence in their lifetime) are often countries or regions where GBV is publicly accepted as a normal part of women's everyday lives and condoned by state inaction. This is the case in the regions and countries included in our proposal, namely: Afghanistan, Kashmir (India), Tunisia, Kurdistan (Iraq), and Turkey. Storytelling is widely used as a means of personal expression in response to violence in these contexts, drawing on their shared socio-cultural origins as ancient Persian societies. Our collaboration draws on this shared history and the cultural importance of storytelling to develop a culturally-relevant intervention for women experiencing gender-based violence. We do this through four main activities: (1) collaboratively designing a potential storytelling intervention based on our team's diverse expertise from the medical sciences (psychiatry, psychology) and the humanities (humanitarian ethics, gender and women's studies, literature studies, poetry); (2) tailoring and piloting the intervention with women residing in safe houses in Kurdistan (Iraq); (3) developing an online networking tool to foster collaborations related to the pilot study and build future project ideas; and (4) creating a collection of stories based on women's accounts to reach a broad national and international audience to effect social change. This is an innovative approach to creating a culturally-relevant intervention to address the mental health needs of women experiencing GBV in high prevalence settings and will ideally challenge discourses that accept violence in the lives of women as part of a broader project of social change.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "default_lang":"en",
      "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-EP_P029434_1",
      "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13",
      "reporting_org_type_code":"10",
      "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"],
      "title_narrative":["Developing performance-based design for foundation systems of WIND turbines in AFRICA (WindAfrica)"],
      "description_narrative":["Africa is facing the challenge of generating more power to meet existing and future demand. Currently, about one-half Africa's total population is lacking access to electricity. However, the continent is well endowed with renewable energy resources; it is estimated that about 35% of the world resources for wind energy are located in the continent. There are many challenges which hinder the development of infrastructure for wind energy in Africa. Designing suitable foundations to sustain the loads typically applied by wind turbines represents a particular challenge. Most potential locations for wind turbines in Africa are in tropical zones where fluctuation in ground water level is severe. The cycling of water levels means that many deposits of interest are unsaturated for at least part of the year. Unsaturated soils exhibit complex mechanical behaviour, coupled to changes in water content. This research aims to provide design for the foundations of wind turbines in unsaturated soils.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["UKRI COVID-19 Grant Extension Allocation (CoA) - Brunel University London"],
      "description_narrative":["The UKRI COVID-19 Grant Extension Allocation (CoA) provided organisations with resources to sustain UKRI grant-funded research during the period of pandemic disruption and its immediate aftermath. Some of the funding was directly used supporting the following ODA-eligible grants at Brunel University London: InnovateUK 105316 - Tassou; \nBB/R012695/1; \nBB/R012695/1; \nInnovateUK 42088 Singh  (SOFTS); \nInnovateUK  41760   Singh    (C-SPEL); \nInnovateUK 105669 Singh (INset4KTI); \nBB/P024149/1; \n InnovateUK 48979 Singh (SolCos).","Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges."],
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