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      "description_narrative":["Geological and historical records of the ten active volcanoes in Turkey indicate potential in several of them for major explosive eruptions. Over 4 million people live within 30 km of an active volcano and over 15 million live within 100 km. Several major cities have high exposure to volcanic risk including Kayseri and Diyarbaki. In an assessment of the global distribution of volcanic risk Turkey ranked at 14th in overall volcanic threat out of 95 volcanically active countries, reflecting high population exposure. The last major volcanic disaster in Turkey occurred in 1840 from Mount Ararat, when an estimated 1900 people lost their lives. However, there is a 70% chance of a major eruption in this century based on global statistics and preliminary analysis of Turkish eruption records. Turkey is vulnerable to volcanic hazards due to the large exposed population, lack of experience of public officials and communities with volcanic emergencies, very limited volcano monitoring, and lack of knowledge on volcanic hazards and risk. This project seeks to increase resilience in Turkey by contributing to development of appropriate volcanic emergency management plans and disaster risk reduction. The project will enable partners in Turkey to learn from those with direct experience of volcanic emergencies in order to build preparedness. This project therefore brings together the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), the authority in Turkey charged with investigating and handling geophysical hazards, the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol and the Montserrat Volcano Observatory. This project will also draw from expertise across the global volcanological community through the Global Volcano Model network, co-chaired by University of Bristol. Improved collaborations fostered through this project will enable knowledge transfer via exchange visits designed to share experiences gained in volcanically active situations. The aim is to facilitate learning and tool development to increase the ability within Turkey to respond to future volcanic unrest and eruption.  The eruptive histories of volcanoes in Turkey are very poorly understood. A key issue and first step to be addressed is to improve understanding of past activity, through literature studies, historical records, field studies and sampling, and radiometric dating. Scenarios for future eruptions of high-risk volcanoes will developed to inform planning for emergencies. Access in Eastern Turkey is limited due to the security situation. This, however, generates a need to create an innovative solution to developing studies at remote or inaccessible volcanoes, which will involve remote sensing using various tools such as satellite and aerial imagery and InSAR and identifying analogue systems. These tools developed in Turkey can be applied to other countries with volcanoes made inaccessible by security issues or limited resources.  We will identify high-risk volcanoes and communities, through development of new methods for identifying vulnerable populations and population exposure, with identification of critical infrastructure. This will enable the focussing of the project at high-risk sites. We will increase monitoring capacity in Turkey through purchase and installation of crucial monitoring equipment at a high-risk volcano to significantly enhance the ability to give early warning. Training in monitoring techniques, interpretation of the monitoring signals and InSAR data will be provided. The project will also build resilience through the education of the local communities, scientists, authorities and emergency managers. Engagement with these groups will be facilitated by MTA and includes making educational communication tools about volcanic hazards and risk. A simulation exercise will be run to test emergency plans with relevant authorities, and lessons learned will be delivered to the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD).","The Newton Fund builds research and innovation partnerships with developing countries across the world to promote the economic development and social welfare of the partner countries."],
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      "title_narrative":["Real-time Aftershock Forecasting in Turkey (RAFT)"],
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      "description_narrative":["Turkey is one of the most archaeologically and culturally rich places in the World with 18 UNESCO World Heritage sites, and an additional 78 locations in the tentative list. Flooding and landslides are one of the most destructive types of natural disaster in Turkey. Flood impacts in Turkey are felt severely in major cities of the country. Istanbul (the largest city of Turkey with 15 million inhabitants) and its UNESCO World Heritage historical areas have recently suffered from frequent floods as a result of intense rainfalls under a changing climate. The severe floods of August-September 2009 in the Marmara region of Turkey were categorised as an event greater than the 500-year return period. These floods caused 31 human losses, affected 35,000 people, and led to significant damages in major urban cities, particularly in Istanbul, with an economic loss more than $100 million.  Many parts of the old city centre (Historic Peninsula) of Istanbul were flooded. The Historic peninsula had also suffered from several major floods in December 2010, July 2017, February 2018 and August 2019. Heavy rains cause flooding events more frequently in recent years than in the past. The deadly 2019 floods, rainfall-triggered landslides, and the subsequent moisture problems have resulted in significant structural damages to cultural heritage; in particular Small HagiaSofia and Ahi Çelebi Mosque (which was at that time in a restoration process). Our proposed research will involve susceptibility mapping of cultural heritage to climate-change driven hazards, with a particular focus on the floods and landslides hazards on Istanbul's world heritage sites. The mapping, based on a risk assessment framework, will then be used to develop a response policy. In developing risk assessment frameworks, it is the normal presumption that \"heritage assets are irreplaceable and that heritage is a 'non-renewable resource' \". However, the risk assessment framework to be developed within this project will need to recognise the inevitability and potential of loss. We will recognise the inevitability of loss, where the impacts of climate and environmental change may lead to the conclusion that conservation and perpetuation of some monuments are unsustainable. The potential of loss could imply that, where monuments have been damaged by landslides and floods, in addition to the option of reconstructing the heritage to its pre-disaster condition, we should consider a new form of the heritage, where the history of disaster is reflected in the modified monument.","Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges."],
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      "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"],
      "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"],
      "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"],
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      "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"],
      "title_narrative":["Newton Advanced Fellowships (Year 2 Round 1)"],
      "description_narrative":["This programme focuses on mid-career researchers in Newton Fund countries, and develops their research strengths by providing support for training and development in collaboration with a UK partner with the intention of transferring knowledge and research capabilities to researchers in partner countries.","The aims  are to: \n• Support the development of a well0trained research community who by transferring new skills and creating new knowledge will create increased economic benefits and lead to changes in the wellbeing of communities.\n• Strengthen research excellence in partner countries by supporting promising independent, early-career researchers and their research groups and networks to develop their research through training, collaboration, reciprocal visits and the transfer of knowledge and skills from the UK.\n• Establish long-term links between the best research groups (and networks) in partner countries and the UK to ensure that improvements in research capacity are sustainable in the longer term. \n• Up to 12 Fellowships (Newton Advanced Fellowships/Newton International Fellowships).  Newton Advanced Fellowships are up to £111K for up to 3 years in duration over 5 years"],
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      "participating_org_role":["1","2","3","4"],
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      "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","ROYAL SOCIETY","ROYAL SOCIETY","ROYAL SOCIETY"],
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      "transaction_type":["3","3","3","3","3","2"],
      "transaction_date_iso_date":["2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2016-12-31T00:00:00Z","2015-12-31T00:00:00Z","2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"],
      "transaction_value":[-11013.42,35500.0,37000.0,72500.0,72500.0,217500.0],
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      "transaction_value_date":["2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2016-12-31T00:00:00Z","2015-12-31T00:00:00Z","2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"],
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      "default_currency":"GBP",
      "default_lang":"en",
      "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-NEWT-RS_TUR_840",
      "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13",
      "reporting_org_type_code":"10",
      "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"],
      "title_narrative":["Newton Mobility Grants (Year 2 Round 3)"],
      "description_narrative":["This programme supports researchers in Newton Fund countries to develop collaborations with UK researchers. These awards are particularly suited to initiate new collaborative partnerships, between scholars who have not previously worked together, or new initiatives between scholars who have collaborated in the past.","The aims are to:\n• Strengthen research capacity of the partner countries0by facilitating training and skill transfer from the UK to partner countries.\n• Support excellent research0by linking the best researchers in the UK with the best researchers and their groups in partner countries and providing support for initial exploratory research.\n• Establish long term research links0between both partners to ensure sustainable research capacity in partner countries and benefit to the UK research community in the longer term.\n• Up to 24 mobility grants at £12K each up to 2 years in duration over 3 years\n\nApplicants may request:\n• up to £3,000 for one-off travel lasting up to 3 months \n• up to £6,000 for multiple visits to be completed within 1 year (including a maximum of £1,000 for research expenses)\n• up to £12,000 for multiple visits to be completed within 2 years (including a maximum of £2,000 for research expenses)"],
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      "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","ROYAL SOCIETY","ROYAL SOCIETY","ROYAL SOCIETY"],
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      "activity_date_type":["1","2","3"],
      "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"],
      "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"],
      "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"],
      "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"],
      "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"],
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      "recipient_country_percentage":[100.0],
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      "transaction_value_date":["2016-03-31T00:00:00Z","2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"],
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