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The ADB report estimates that the 45,000 replacement SIPs will produce 480GWH/yr of surplus electricity. The current recommended method for utilisation of excess electricity is export to grid, but this often requires expensive grid extension, connection and metering. Post-harvest storage/ processing of crops: Fruit and vegetable production is c.17MT/yr, but post-harvest losses range from 25-40%, whilst farmers obtain a poor price due to surplus supply during peak seasons. Both can be alleviated by the availability of cold storage facilities; however, these are limited in Bangladesh owing to high capex/ energy costs. Additional processing of cereals, fruit and vegetables can add value and reduce losses (milling, drying, juicing), but require energy. These factors present a clear opportunity to leverage the excess electricity from SIPs and utilise it locally and smartly to support agriculture and rural communities. The challenge is that techno-economically validated pathways to seize this opportunity are currently not available to potential users (farmers), operators, investors and policymakers. To meet this challenge our project has the following objectives: Capture demand and supply requirements around SIP locations and their local communities into a structured knowledge base. Address key questions surrounding the design, sizing, and smart operation of farm-based microgrids powered by SIP systems. Tailor system solutions to unique local conditions. Provide socio-technical, techno-economic and Life Cycle Assessments of proposed solutions. Build Decision Support Systems and physical field testing and demonstration sites to enable investors/ decision makers to explore the nature and scale of the opportunity and drive strategic innovation, investment, and policy. 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Conceptually, the project draws together disparate literature and expertise from urban studies, development, geography, history and public health engineering, to connect the past, present and future of manual scavenging in Bangladesh by examining five key, understudied themes - identity (age, gender, caste, ethnicity and religion), migration, place of residence, techno-legal change and socio-economic mobility - situated within broader understandings of colonialism and the reproduction of caste. Methodologically, the project utilises a case study approach with a mixed qualitative toolkit, including secondary, archival research and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) across Bangladesh, India and Pakistan - countries where manual scavenging remains a caste-based occupation, and where British colonial rule (1858-1947) had potentially significant implications for the administration and legacy of 'dirty work'. 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We want to do this because these babies have bacteria living on their skin, just like older children and adults, but in very small babies these bacteria can more easily get into the blood and make them seriously unwell. This study will work out the best strength of the antiseptic, as well as how often it should be applied, and whether or not it should be combined with a skin softener (called emollient), that could be tested in a larger study in the future. This future study would aim to reduce deaths in these newborns, but at the moment we don't know what type of skin cleansing would have the best chance of doing this. So in this pilot study, we will look at how much the different methods reduce counts of bacteria on the skin. We will also look at the newborns skin every day to make sure it is safe. The antiseptic chlorhexidine has been shown to reduce the risk of dying from infection when it is applied to the umbilical cord in newborns at home in regions with high rates of newborn deaths. However it is still uncertain whether applying chlorhexidine to the body could reduce the risk of infection and death in newborns who are in hospital and also at high risk of infection due to other factors such as low birth weight. In addition, skin softeners, which are often in the form of oils such as sunflower oil, have been shown in some studies to reduce infections, although a recent review was inconclusive. The effect of combining both skin softeners and an antiseptic may have additional undiscovered benefits but has not been adequately tested, therefore this study will also assess this combination. The trial will be conducted in 2 hospitals, one in Bangladesh, and the other in South Africa. Chlorhexidine wipes will be applied to the skin of the body of newborn babies, starting at from 2 days of age and either daily (Monday-Friday) or three times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) thereafter. In addition, half of each group will receive a skin softener as well. Swabs will be taken from various areas of the skin of the newborns, and we will count the number of bacteria growing from these swabs. In addition, we will monitor the skin of the newborns closely for any signs of reaction to the chlorhexidine. In this way, the study will provide information on the balance between how good the different methods are at reducing bacterial counts, whilst remaining safe. The best concentration and frequency of application, with or without skin softener, will then be chosen to be tested in the larger trial in the future. The larger trial would be able to test whether applying chlorhexidine to the skin of hospitalised low birth weight newborns reduces their risk of getting serious infections, and whether this improves their survival.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. 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Furthermore, among individuals who were at higher risk of developing diabetes, those living in community mobilisation villages were almost 60% less likely to develop the disease over two years compared to those who lived in villages where no intervention took place. These findings and our robust methods of evaluation give us confidence that exposure to the community mobilisation intervention caused this reduction in the burden of intermediate hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Furthermore, the low-cost, social intervention is cost-effective and can lead to savings in health care expenditure. Based on these findings, we wish to scale-up our intervention to cover a much larger population. Working with the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, who will implement the intervention across a population of 215,000 people, UCL will apply epidemiological, economic, social and implementation science methods to better understand the processes, costs and impact of implementation at such a large scale. Further, we will evaluate the sustainability of groups when direct intervention from the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh is withdrawn and evaluate whether observed improvements in health last over a period of three years. Finally, a core component of our project will be engagement with governmental and non-governmental stakeholders in Bangladesh and globally to share our findings and to explore opportunities for longer-term, larger-scale implementation of the intervention.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3","4"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15","80"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","2022-07-31T00:00:00Z","2021-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"4", "recipient_country_code":["BD"], "recipient_country_percentage":[100.0], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1","1"], "budget_type":["1","1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","2021-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[113213.0,227343.1], "budget_value_currency":["GBP","GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","3","3","3","3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[57065.03,57065.03,56606.52,56606.52,113213.04,1369590.37], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[79073.9581536737,76323.83118555952,73336.80375742316,70881.19424823073,140106.7618543083,1663527.9306398393] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_P024718_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["Surveys for Urban Equity: getting, and using, the data needed to respond to neglected non-communicable diseases in urban areas in LMICs"], "description_narrative":["Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are a major public health issue in South Asia (S Asia), accounting for 60% of deaths. Urbanisation is a key driver, increasing mental stress and injuries and risk factors such as tobacco use, poor diet and inadequate physical activity. Public health decision-makers in LMICs need unbiased, precise and accessibly-presented data to inform equitable urban development. Nationally representative surveys are the main data source used to inform decision-making in LMICs, e.g. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and STEPS NCD Risk Factor Surveillance are used in over 90 LMICs. This approach has many problems: it excludes unofficial poor settlements and peri-urban areas beyond administrative boundaries; definitions of a 'household' overlook multiple occupancy by poor urbanites; current methods for ranking wealth are not sensitive to urban poverty; and NCDs currently assessed in these surveys do not include injuries and mental ill-health, conditions that disproportionately affect the urban poor. These methodological constraints leave policy makers with no way of understanding or responding to the NCD burden and inequities found within urban areas in LMICs. Furthermore, the way data is currently presented - in long wordy reports - undermines decision-makers' ability to find and interpret data for planning and managing health programmes. We will capitalise on existing partnerships and develop new ones, to i) identify and test questions on mental health and injuries, ii) test cheap and efficient novel methods to reduce bias in urban surveys iii) explore alternative approaches to defining households, measuring and ranking wealth iv) develop data visualisation tools to support decision-makers' use of survey data. We will conduct this foundation work in Nepal, Bangladesh and Vietnam as their different urban characteristics increase our works applicability to other LMICs and we have existing strong partnerships. We will hold two meetings and facilitate ongoing interaction with international and national bodies to share expertise and build capabilities on the novel survey methods, measures of wealth and NCDs, data visualisation and use of data to address urban inequities. We will conduct a systematic search of questionnaires and draw on our own work assessing injuries and mental health to identify the best questions for LMIC urban areas. We will finalise the questionnaire in collaboration with government stakeholders after checking its comprehensibility in urban slums. We will pilot our novel survey sampling and mapping methods in Kathmandu, where our initial pilot of these methods was curtailed by the 2015 earthquake. Our novel methods use satellite imagery, mobile phone and census data, to identify the entire urban population including those not captured by the census. Once sampled, we will use a web-based app to accurately map communities. Smaller feasibility studies of the methods and developed questionnaire will be conducted in Hanoi and Dhaka. We will explore household types and identify wealth indicators in urban slums. Using our pilot data, we will explore associations between household consumption, assets and income to develop an appropriate measure of urban wealth. In each country, we will assess the extent to which data is used in urban planning and management through interviews with decision-makers. Through the establishment of communities of practice within municipalities, we will co-produce appropriate data visualisation tools to support planning and management. This foundation grant has the potential to i) transform survey methods used in all LMICs, enabling more accurate assessment of health inequities in urban areas ii) provide questions on mental health and injuries for use in other surveys in LMICs, and iii) ensure data informs the health-sector response to NCDs in LMICs.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. 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