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There are few places on Earth more affected than South Asia, with levels of nitrogen pollution rapidly increasing. The result is a web of interlinked problems, as nitrogen losses from agriculture and from fossil fuel combustion cause air and water pollution. This damages human health, threatens biodiversity of forests and rivers, and leads to coastal and marine pollution that exacerbates the effects of climate change, such as by predisposing reefs to coral bleaching. Altogether, it is clear that nitrogen pollution is something we should be taking very seriously. The amazing thing is that so few people have heard of the problem. Everyone knows about climate change and carbon footprints, but how many people are aware that nitrogen pollution is just as significant? One reason for this is that scientists and policy makers have traditionally specialised. Different experts have focused on different parts of the nitrogen story, and few have the expertise to see how all the issues fit together. This challenge is taken up by a major new research hub established under the UK Global Challenge Research Fund. The \"GCRF South Asian Nitrogen Hub\" is a partnership that brings together 32 leading research organisations with project engagement partners from the UK and South Asia. All eight countries of the South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP) are included. The hub includes research on how to improve nitrogen management in agriculture, saving money on fertilizers and making better use of manure, urine and natural nitrogen fixation processes. It highlights options for more profitable and cleaner farming for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and the Maldives. At the same time, the hub considers how nitrogen pollution could be turned back to fertilizer, for example by capturing nitrogen oxide gas from factories and converting it into nitrate. The fact that all the SACEP countries are included is really important. It means that lessons can be shared on good experiences as well as on whether there are cultural, economic and environmental differences that prevent better management practices from being adopted. It is also important from the perspective of international diplomacy, and provides an example to demonstrate how working together on a common problem is in everyone's interest. It puts the focus on future cooperation for a healthier planet, rather than on the past. The South Asian case provides for some exciting scientific, social, cultural and economic research challenges. The first is simply to get all the researchers talking together and understanding each other. There are dozens of languages in South Asia, matching the challenge met when different research disciplines come together. This is where developing a shared language around nitrogen can really help. There are lots of nitrogen forms ranging from unreactive atmospheric nitrogen (N2), to the air pollutants ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), to nitrate (NO3-) which contaminates watercourses, and nitrous oxide (N2O) which is a greenhouse gas. The impacts of each of these are being studied to provide a better understanding of how they all fit together. The result is an approach that aims to give a much more coherent picture of the nitrogen cycle in South Asia: What is stopping us from taking action, and what can be done about it. One of the big expectations is that the economic value of nitrogen will help. India alone spends around £6 billion per year subsidising fertilizer supply. It means that South Asian governments are strongly motivated to use nitrogen better. At which point research from the South Asian hub can provide guidance on where they might start.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. 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In 2015, WHO estimated there were 9.6 million TB cases and 1.5 TB deaths. Nearly 500,000 of these cases were resistant to two or more of the main drugs used to treat TB. New drugs, and combinations of drugs, are being developed to treat tuberculosis, as are new vaccines that may protect against disease in adults. Quantifying the burden of TB is fundamental to understanding its global epidemiology and for making appropriate resource allocation decisions. Most estimates of new TB case numbers each year rely strongly on the number of cases reported by countries in that year to WHO. Unfortunately, one in three TB cases are thought to go either undetected or unreported, so the number of cases reported underestimates the number of new cases. While one can correct for this, it is hard to know exactly how much to adjust the reported numbers. Some countries have good systems for recording causes of deaths, which can be used to estimate the number of deaths caused by TB. Increasingly, large and expensive prevalence surveys are being used to estimate the number of people with active disease in a population. These estimates are less subject to bias, but measure a different quantity. Little work has explored the best way of combining these three data sources. A major goal of this work is to use mathematical transmission models for burden estimation and provide a unified framework for all data. These models yield the number of new cases, deaths, and also the prevalence of disease. They explicitly represent disease transmission and so introduce a dependence between the number of new cases in different years. These models involve parameters evidenced from previous epidemiological work, but must be calibrated to learn from data on TB reports, deaths and prevalence. Calibration means adjusting imperfectly known model parameters in order to match observed model outputs to the data. This process provides a model that may be used to make predictions about burden, but may also teach us something about the underlying processes. Many of the parameters concerning the epidemiology and disease course of TB are quite uncertain, and this uncertainty is rarely represented fully in models needing calibration, but will be done in this project using statistical techniques that also allow comparison of different models' performance. TB burden estimation and calibration of transmission models are almost always carried out on a country-by-country basis. Many parameters describing disease progression are likely to be similar in different countries, even if their exact values differ for unknown reasons. Hierarchical modelling techniques allow such parameters to be correlated between countries. This can improve precision, particularly for countries with little data, as estimates can be informed by data from neighbouring countries. I will explore these techniques for the transmission model, and also in statistical modelling aiming to account for the observed patterns of drug-resistance. The transmission model will ultimately be extended to include different types of drug resistance. As new treatments and vaccines emerge, those with responsibility for public health will want to understand the potential impact these new technologies can have in terms of gains in health, and changes in spending. Producing cost-effectiveness and budget impact evidence requires a model that includes transmission, in order to account for indirect benefits accrued by avoiding secondary cases. We will use our model to provide guidance to decision-makers seeking to maximise health gain with limited resources. 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Reduce High Blood Pressure: A Cluster Randomized Trial in Rural Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka"], "description_narrative":["Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become the leading cause of mortality globally. In South Asia, high rates of CVD are observed at a younger age than in other countries causing a reduction in productive life years with severe economic consequences. High blood pressure (BP) confers the greatest attributable risk to death and disability associated with CVD. Our Wellcome Trust funded Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) trial (2004 to 2007) in Karachi, Pakistan, suggested the combined strategy of family based home health education (HHE) delivered by trained community health workers (CHW) plus care of individuals by trained private general practitioners (GP) to optimally manage hypertension had the most marked beneficial impact on BP compared to usual care, or single interventions. However, the COBRA intervention was designed for an urban South Asian setting, where private GPs cater to over 75% of the patients seeking care. Most of South Asia is still rural (73% Bangladesh, 64% Pakistan, 71% India, 85% Sri Lanka) where prevalence of hypertension is high and healthcare infrastructure and provider characteristics are very different compared to the urban setting. The COBRA trial did not evaluate effectiveness of strategies delivered using the public health infrastructure, or generalizability to the rural population in Pakistan. It is also not clear whether any benefit would extend to rural communities in other South Asian countries. In our ongoing COBRA-BPS feasibility study in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, we modified COBRA by developing a comprehensive \"multicomponent intervention (MCI)\" for effective delivery of hypertension care using the rural predominantly public primary care infrastructure. We also conducted extensive stakeholder consultation and received very favourable response for a full scale trial to evaluate MCI in 3 countries. We now propose a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) on 2550 adults with hypertension in 30 rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, to evaluate a comprehensive MCI comprised of specifically comprised 1) home health education (HHE) by government community health workers (CHWs), 2) blood pressure (BP) monitoring and stepped-up referral to a trained general practitioner (GP) using a checklist, 3) trained public and private providers in management of hypertension and using a checklist, 4) designated hypertension triage counter and hypertension care coordinators in government clinics, 5) a financing model to compensate for additional health services including targeted subsidies. A total of 15 communities (5 in each country) will be randomised to MCI and 15 (5 in each country) to usual care in 3 countries. Individuals with hypertension will be followed for 2 years to assess whether MCI compared to usual care is more effective at lowering BP, and cost effective in terms of preventing CVD related disability and death. We will also interview stakeholders and conduct serial focus group discussions of patients on their experience with the strategy in relation to various components of MCI. If shown to be successful, our findings will be helpful in securing political commitment from stakeholders for up-scaling MCI strategies at the national level in these South Asian countries. The South-South collaboration and shared experiences will be very valuable in co-ordinating a regional action plan on NCDs with a focus on hypertension as an entry point. Our trial will provide direct evidence of the value of using comparable models and platforms for non-communicable disease management which would extend to other Asian countries with similar ethnic population and healthcare infrastructure.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3","4"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15","80"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","2020-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"2", "recipient_country_code":["BD","PK","LK"], "recipient_country_percentage":[33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1","1","1","1"], "budget_type":["1","1","1","1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2016-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[331689.62,665887.1,663172.17,302961.13], "budget_value_currency":["GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-03-31T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","2016-12-31T00:00:00Z","2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","2016-06-30T00:00:00Z","2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[40190.86,12831.33,12831.37,12831.37,22098.16,66294.48,32920.2,33419.75,33419.75,33419.75,33168.96,33168.96,2233623.02], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-03-31T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","2016-12-31T00:00:00Z","2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","2016-06-30T00:00:00Z","2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[55691.732428777446,16898.92643833552,16266.030384879894,16759.87257264277,29371.39649516532,92613.92595717788,44127.05018005563,42782.862770170555,41217.95335160275,41761.73615986341,43585.26928633741,47141.430963202816,3474877.547672161] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_M019624_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["Policy and peeR mentOr intervention proGrams on cardiovasculaR disEase at workSites in 3 South Asian countries."], "description_narrative":["We propose a feasibility study and a survey conducted at 6 sites - 2 in India, 2 in Srilanka, and 2 in Bangladesh. 1. The feasibility study will be conducted to understand the feasibility of peer-mentored interventions at the operational, research and policy levels to improve CVD health. At the operational level, we will identify 6 worksites in Bangladesh (2), India (2) and Sri Lanka (2), obtain acceptance from the management, identify the appropriate personnel as peers to carry out interventions and identify areas at worksites to implement interventions (café, physical exercise, stress reduction, tobacco environment). At research level, we will choose the best methods to identify individuals at risk for interventions, measure risk factor levels identify & train the peer mentors, design the most appropriate interventions, determine the training goals for the peer mentors, select the training methods, and develop the intervention tools. At policy level, we will, in discussion with the worksite management and the concerned State Government departments (health and labour departments) determine the need, methods and outcomes of the interventions. This strategy ensures that we have useful insights on the interventions as well as the agreement and investment of key stake-holders in relevant departments 2. A qualitative study will be conducted to understand the priorities for policy level changes to improve the CVD environment at worksites in each country, at the Central and Regional levels; to understand the common barriers for an optimal CVD environment at worksites; and to understannd the most acceptable peer mentor-based interventions for employees to improve CVD health. We will survey at least three levels of management staff per site on the CVD environment at the workplace. Specifically this will include tobacco policy, food at workplace, opportunities for physical activity, medical care if any provided at worksites, policy on chronic care for employees, barriers for optimal care and possible interventions to improve CV health. We will survey 5 management staff at each level or 15 per worksite for a total of 120 at 8 sites. We will conduct focussed group discussions and in-depth interviews among management staff and employees to better understand policy issues, barriers for CVD care and acceptable interventions to improve CV health. If peer mentor mediated interventions prove to be effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors, such interventions could be scaled up globally. As adults can spend upto 60% of their time at workplaces, interventions such as these could prove to be effective in reducing cardiovascular risks and reap rich dividends by reducing cardiovascular deaths, thus helping to achieve World Hearth Federation's goal of 25 by 25.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3","4"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15","80"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","CBCI SOCIETY FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","2016-05-31T00:00:00Z","2017-10-31T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"2", "recipient_country_code":["IN","LK","BD"], "recipient_country_percentage":[33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1","1"], "budget_type":["1","1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","2015-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2015-03-31T00:00:00Z","2016-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[22679.8,90866.18], "budget_value_currency":["GBP","GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[3141.8,136372.76], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[4389.120068100112,213364.9611412918] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_S013865_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["Classification of oral lesions using deep learning for early detection of oral cancer"], "description_narrative":["For the majority of cancers, early detection results in better survival. Oral cancer is one of the few cancers that is visible and many of these cancers are preceded by a potentially malignant lesion where medical intervention can prevent the development of cancer. Taken together, oral cancer presents an opportunity for early detection. However, identifying which oral lesion has a propensity to become oral cancer is not straightforward without specialised training and this problem is confounded by the lack of specialists who are trained in this expertise particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where the majority of oral cancers are diagnosed. One innovative approach to overcome this is to develop an artificial intelligence algorithm to classify oral lesions into those that are benign and those that are potentially malignant or are occult cancer so that patients can be triaged accordingly to receive appropriate clinical management. In this project, we propose to work within a multi-disciplinary, international team to collate a library of images from existing and prospective collections that will facilitate the development of an artificial intelligence algorithm that will be tested and validated. The outcome of this project will pave the way for further rigorous testing, development of an App incorporating this automated tool and clinical validation for the early detection of oral cancer. The development of an automated tool for the classification of oral lesions will facilitate the identification of patients most at risk to develop oral cancer so that these individuals can be managed appropriately. This project is particularly impactful in the low- and middle-income countries as the majority of the global burden of oral cancer is found in these countries.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2018-11-15T00:00:00Z","2018-11-15T00:00:00Z","2020-11-14T00:00:00Z","2020-11-14T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"2", "recipient_country_code":["LK","NP","MY"], "recipient_country_percentage":[33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1","1","1"], "budget_type":["1","1","1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2019-03-31T00:00:00Z","2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","2021-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[21563.78,83458.62,20948.81], "budget_value_currency":["GBP","GBP","GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","2019-06-30T00:00:00Z","2019-03-31T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-11-15T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[-9664.15,20948.81,20948.81,20948.81,20780.5,20780.5,10781.89,10781.89,146920.0], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","2019-06-30T00:00:00Z","2019-03-31T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-11-15T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[-13558.457038790986,26231.548430804065,25925.19319153653,27505.719596211246,25686.742721921535,26343.07439021915,14199.80360385286,13667.952085118945,189553.24062633194] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_R018448_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["Establishing a child and adolescent twin register for research and capacity building on the aetiology of mental illness in Sri Lanka and other LMIC"], "description_narrative":["The Medical Research Council is offering a one year grant opportunity to lay the grounds for future large scale research to study mental health issues in low and middle income countries (LMICs). This will build on existing UK-LMIC partnerships and initiate new ones. Through this grant, we plan to take the initial steps for such research, and to establish a register of infant, child and adolescent twins, and of mothers pregnant with twins, in Sri Lanka (the capital Colombo in the Western province and Vavuniya in the Northern Province). Once the register is developed, our research will start exploring what causes mental illness; the impact of early brain development and the role of genetic, developmental, environmental, social and cultural contributions on the origin of mental disease. Research on twins has several advantages over studying non-twin people since it is possible to study the similarities and differences of identical and non-identical twins in order to understand the relative contribution of genetics and the environment. We believe that as a result of the initial work undertaken during the first year, we will be able to establish a large register of young twins, some with linked data from their parents via an existing adult twin register, and identify initial data from routine records on children's health and education. Being included on the register does not automatically mean involvement in research. Future research projects will need separate consent and ethics approval from the country of origin of the research proposal and SL. Our long term vision is to increase the amount of research that can have an influence on health and social care in SL and South Asia. The main partner in this venture is the Institute for Research and Development (IRD SL), which has already established one of the few large functioning population-based adult twin registers, successfully carried out two rounds of published studies, recruited a matched non-twin sample and established a biobank and genetic laboratory. We have also partnered with three South Asian institutions: Independent University of Bangladesh, Health Services Academy-Islamabad, Pakistan, and All India Institute of Medical Sciences. The UK partners are Keele University, Kings College London, and University of Bristol. We will work towards establishing a virtual centre of excellence on cohort studies (following up a large group of persons to do research). The three main pillars of the initiative are: (i) high quality research, (ii) ethics, (iii) patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE). Our team includes world leading experts in twin research, mental health, research methods, ethics, PPIE, and grant development. Increasing the skills of junior academics across the partnership will develop future research leaders and essential skills in all three pillars. We will bring together senior researchers from the partner organisations and form the planning and coordinating units, the steering committee, and the research, ethics and PPIE expert groups to organise these activities. Strengthening the ethics framework within the initiative is very important and we will revise the guidelines developed previously by the IRD. PPIE is a novel concept to South Asia. Evidence from the UK demonstrates that the quality of research is better and the likelihood of successful recruitment and implementation of the findings is improved when patients and the public are involved in research. We aim to establish a culture of PPIE in Sri Lanka, working with both academic colleagues and lay members; in this instance specifically with twins and their parents. We plan to develop at least two proposals within the year for further in-depth research and funding. We will decide on the key research questions guided by the research gaps, data gathered during the first year and discussion with patients and public.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","2019-02-28T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"2", "recipient_country_code":["PK","BD","LK","IN"], "recipient_country_percentage":[25.0,25.0,25.0,25.0], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1"], "budget_type":["1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2019-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[199435.6], "budget_value_currency":["GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[199435.6,199435.6], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[260495.58561934964,278613.1498674603] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_P024513_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["Health in a changing climate: the dynamic challenge of snake bite in South Asia"], "description_narrative":["Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) and despite being less well publicised and studied, has a far greater impact than many other NTDs such as dengue or leishmaniasis. There are estimates of up to 120,000 deaths per year globally with considerable additional morbidity resulting, for example, from limb damage or renal failure. This burden of disease is relatively hidden as snakebite not only predominantly affects poorer countries in the tropics and subtropics, but it also mainly affects the rural poor, particularly agricultural workers and subsistence farmers in lower-middle income countries (LMICs). In many countries, snakebite is seasonal and is distributed unevenly across a country because of complex interactions between human behaviour, climate, varying geography and other factors affecting snake distributions. This means that there are substantial challenges in estimating the number of deaths and complications of snakebite. National surveys are rare because they are so difficult to carry out. The variation in numbers of snakebite across countries and over any one year means that it is difficult to estimate national and regional numbers from time-limited small local studies. This absence of accurate numbers for many countries and regions means that the problem does not get the international attention that it requires and makes it extremely difficult for local public health authorities to plan appropriate health services. Improved methodological approaches for mapping snakebite risk are therefore urgently needed, particularly when considering the potential for global environmental and climate change to exacerbate snakebite impacts. Examples such as the peak of snakebite deaths in India during the monsoon and in Bangladesh during floods illustrate the potential for environmental factors to influence disease. In Sri Lanka, bite and envenoming patterns also vary between climatic zones, with bite and envenoming incidence changing with altitude and rainfall. Climate change is thus likely to be an important yet currently unrecognised contributor to altering snakebite risk in affected areas, potentially impacting on snakebite incidence by altering snake abdundance, distributions and behaviour, altering human abundance and behaviour or both. This study aims to improve the ways in which the epidemiological burden of snakebite can be estimated and mapping risk using modelling of the interactions between snake and human distributions, behaviours and environmental factors and to investigate the extent to which climate and land-use change will impact upon this burden. The study will develop and validate methodologies using data from Sri Lanka and, in future, use these approaches to improve estimations of the snakebite burden and map risk over wider geographical areas in South Asia, and predict how they may change in the future. This approach will facilitate the diversion of appropriate resources towards addressing this major problem and will provide accurate information about the distribution of the snakebite burden at relevant scales to help health managers target resources appropriately and explore interventions that will help manage this risk and its associated socio-economic impacts in LMICs.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2020-02-29T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"4", "recipient_country_code":["LK"], "recipient_country_percentage":[100.0], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1","1"], "budget_type":["1","1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[291567.04,175977.48], "budget_value_currency":["GBP","GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2017-09-30T00:00:00Z","2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[31102.04,45128.22,65424.63,65424.63,72891.76,72891.76,72891.76,72891.76,512672.68], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2017-09-30T00:00:00Z","2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[40294.37251990628,57207.99865762927,85455.29136111742,86958.04303523406,101830.37959613501,97705.91768071191,97150.64716582623,93313.62937054309,632862.8197478701] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_R014876_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["DRIVERS OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE IN THE SRI LANKAN ENVIRONMENT"], "description_narrative":["There is a growing evidence-base that the presence of antibacterials, other environmental pollutants and antibacterial resistance genes in the natural environment (i.e. wastewater systems, soils, surface waters and groundwaters) is indirectly affecting human and animal health and contributing to the global antibacterial resistance problem. The release of antibacterials, other selection pressures and resistance genes to the environment will occur from a number of sources including antibacterial manufacturing sites, hospitals and clinics, livestock facilities and from households. Once in the environment these contaminants may persist or dissipate and will be distributed around the different environmental compartments. Humans and animals can then be exposed to the antibacterial compounds and resistant organisms through: the breathing of dust; consumption of contaminated drinking water, plants, meat, fish and shellfish; through recreational and bathing activities; and via contact with wildlife. The level of exposure will be driven by a range of cultural, socio-economic, health and environmental drivers. In areas of Europe and N. America with highly regulated, centralised wastewater treatment and good quality water, the environmental exposure and occurrence of antibacterial compounds and resistance genes is likely to be controlled to some degree. However, the issue of antibacterial and antibiotic resistance pollution is likely to be much more acute in rapidly developing economies and areas with lower wastewater treatment connectivity. Given the increasing evidence-base for the occurrence of antibacterials and resistance genes in the natural environment on overall resistance levels, there is an urgent need to understand the contribution of the natural environment to the problem, and the drivers behind this, in low to middle income countries (LMICs). In this project, we will bring together health practitioners, environmental scientists, microbiologists, modellers and social scientists to develop, parameterise and validate a spatial framework for modelling the occurrence of antibacterial substances and antibiotic resistance genes in the environment of Sri-Lanka and the subsequent exposure of the human populations to these. The framework will characterise the impacts of a range of drivers of occurrence and exposure including antibacterial manufacturing and use, land-use and the characteristics of the natural environment. By bringing this information together, we will be able to identify 'hotspots' of occurrence and exposure across the country which will allow future interventions to be targeted at scenarios and practices resulting in the highest risk of exposure. While in the project we will focus on the Sri Lankan situation, the knowledge, tools and processes developed in the project will be relevant to other LMICs. The 8-month development phase project will combine data and literature review activities, workshops and stakeholder events to develop a conceptual model for AMR exposure in the environment of Sri Lanka and to establish the availability of data sets to parameterise the model. This phase of the project will therefore better define the work programme of the full project phase and identify the needs of key stakeholders with an interest in the problem of antibacterial resistance in Sri Lanka. A key component of the development phase will be the establishment of an interdisciplinary and intersectoral partnership comprising leading organisations from Sri Lanka, the UK and elsewhere.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000679"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3","4"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15","80"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","UNIVERSITY OF YORK"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"4", "recipient_country_code":["LK"], "recipient_country_percentage":[100.0], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1"], "budget_type":["1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2018-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[50386.12], "budget_value_currency":["GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[15115.84,25193.06,80617.81], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP","GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[19162.00006180033,35194.90904031136,106451.42398978789] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_P024661_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["Towards a global research network for the molecular pathological stratification of leishmaniasis."], "description_narrative":["The leishmaniasis are parasitic diseases caused by one of several species of single cell parasites (Leishmania) that are transmitted to humans by the bite of infected phlebotamine sand flies. These diseases affect over 150 million people across 98 countries worldwide, including many low and middle income countries (LMICs). Some forms of leishmaniasis are fatal, whereas other are very stigmatising and affect quality of life, particularly in children and women. Few drugs are available for patients leishmaniasis and no vaccines are currently registered for use in preventing or treating these diseases. Importantly, the drugs that we do have are not universally effective and often have significant side effects. Sometimes patients even in the same geographical area will respond quite differently to therapy, and for some drugs effectiveness may vary widely between different countries. In order to make the best use of current and future drugs for the leishmaniasis, we need to understand more about why this is the case, and use that information to select appropriate drugs or drug combination for use in different settings. Using the appropriate treatment would save costs in health care, minimise the patient suffering that results from administering ineffective treatments, and reduce the economic burden of disease on patients, their families and communities. In this proposal, we are aiming to lay the foundation blocks that will drive a new way of managing patients with leishmaniasis and conducting research into these diseases. We will use new molecular approaches to extract as much information as possible from small tissue samples that are collected from patients to diagnose their leishmaniasis, and use this information to start to develop new tests that can help clinicians decide on the best course of treatment. We will use the internet to ensure that the information obtained from these tissue samples is used most effectively for research, clinical decision making and for education and training. We will conduct an analysis of the added value of these changes in approach, in order to provide a case for their adoption by health systems in LMICs and by the funders of research. Ultimately, by adopting these practices we will seek to deliver improvements in health and economic prosperity in LMICs. The research we propose over the next two years will not provide all the answers, but will provide necessary proof of concept data to support applications for future funding that may allow us to realise this longer term ambition.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000679"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3","4"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15","80"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","UNIVERSITY OF YORK"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","2017-03-20T00:00:00Z","2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","2020-03-19T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","2","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"3", "recipient_country_code":["LK","IN","BR"], "recipient_country_percentage":[33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336,33.333333333333336], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1","1"], "budget_type":["1","1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2019-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[298929.8,226013.28], "budget_value_currency":["GBP","GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","3","3","3","3","3","3","3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2017-09-30T00:00:00Z","2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[20094.71,75337.76,75337.76,75337.76,74732.45,74732.45,74732.45,74732.45,600280.82], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP","GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-31T00:00:00Z","2017-12-31T00:00:00Z","2017-09-30T00:00:00Z","2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[26876.446989737407,95503.93241631945,98403.46412801933,100133.91250753935,104401.8384471603,100173.22407605358,99603.93166234087,95670.02005785899,740351.0450144554] },{ "default_currency":"GBP", "default_lang":"en", "iati_identifier":"GB-GOV-13-FUND--GCRF-MR_R019622_1", "reporting_org_ref":"GB-GOV-13", "reporting_org_type_code":"10", "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"], "title_narrative":["Confidence in Global Mental Health Research"], "description_narrative":["Early adversity is known to be associated with later mental health in young people. However, the nature of the early adversities experienced by young people differs considerably across the world, and much research to date has focused on data from high income countries. Here we propose to develop a portfolio of projects across five partner countries spanning three major global regions, to address research questions of direct relevant to those countries and regions, and build research capacity in those countries to ensure that the projects and partnership we help to establish can be sustained beyond the lifetime of this award. The research questions identified include understanding the impact of early adversity on suicide and suicidal ideation, exploring the role of socioeconomic adversity of psychological and psychiatric outomes, and investigating the effects of HIV/AIDS on mental health in young people. We expect this list to grow as the project develops and partnerships are established. Ultimately, we hope to identify risk factors that we can then develop interventions to target, in order to reduce the global burden of mental illness","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."], "participating_org_ref":["GB-GOV-13","GB-COH-RC000346","GB-COH-RC000346"], "participating_org_role":["1","2","3"], "participating_org_type":["10","15","15"], "participating_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL","MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL"], "activity_status_code":"4", "activity_date_iso_date":["2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","2019-02-28T00:00:00Z"], "activity_date_type":["1","3","4"], "contact_info_organisation_narrative":["Department of Business Energy and Industrial Strategy"], "contact_info_department_narrative":["General enquiries"], "contact_info_email":["enquiries@odamanagement.org"], "contact_info_website":["https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-official-development-assistance-research-and-innovation"], "contact_info_mailing_address_narrative":["Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 4th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, SW1H 0ET"], "activity_scope_code":"3", "recipient_country_code":["BR","ZA","LK","ZW"], "recipient_country_percentage":[25.0,25.0,25.0,25.0], "sector_code":["12182"], "sector_vocabulary":["1"], "policy_marker_code":["1","5","6","7","8","10","11","12"], "policy_marker_significance":["0","0","0","0","0","0","2","0"], "policy_marker_vocabulary":["1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1"], "collaboration_type_code":"1", "default_flow_type_code":"10", "default_finance_type_code":"110", "default_aid_type_code":["D02"], "default_tied_status_code":"5", "budget_status":["1"], "budget_type":["1"], "budget_period_start_iso_date":["2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"], "budget_period_end_iso_date":["2020-03-31T00:00:00Z"], "budget_value":[99523.06], "budget_value_currency":["GBP"], "capital_spend_percentage":0.0, "transaction_type":["3","2"], "transaction_date_iso_date":["2019-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"], "transaction_value":[99523.06,173000.0], "transaction_value_currency":["GBP"], "transaction_value_date":["2019-06-30T00:00:00Z","2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"], "hierarchy":1, "transaction_value_usd":[126163.63288285863,241682.40237485498] }] } }