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      "title_narrative":["Self-recovery housing for development: scaling up crisis preparedness and humanitarian shelter response"],
      "description_narrative":["Earthquakes, storms, floods, and conflict cause untold damage to infrastructure, services, agriculture and livelihoods. The destruction of housing is often most visible, and the most devastating to the families, with often hundreds of thousands of homes destroyed. Householders themselves are invariably the first to respond; they are never passive, and signs of shelter recovery are very apparent from the first days after a disaster. The majority - as many as 80 or 90% - receive little or no assistance from the international community and are the main drivers of their own recovery process. This process has been termed 'self-recovery'. Previous GCRF awards supported interdisciplinary teams led by ODI in collaboration with CARE International UK, BGS, UCL and Loughborough University. They developed the understanding of the self-recovery process and advanced the theoretical basis for humanitarian assistance to the process of supporting self-recovery in practice. In large part as a result of this work, self-recovery is now a strategic element of the humanitarian shelter sector discourse with many disaster responses purporting to support this inevitable process. In recognition of the value of a people-centred approach that moves away from the convention product-based modalities, the CARE Philippines post-cyclone self-recovery project won the 2018 World Habitat Award in acknowledgment of its self-recovery focus. Sixteen thousand houses were built, each one unique and reflecting the priorities and means of each family. https://www.world-habitat.org/world-habitat-awards/winners-and-finalists/post-haiyan-self-recovery-housing-programme/ The self-recovery approach that respects the primacy of agency and choice aligns well with current humanitarian and development concerns such as the 'humanitarian development nexus', the Grand Bargain's emphasis on localisation, participation and cash-based responses, the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Shelter Cluster strategy. This is further explained in the Business Case. However, very little has been done to develop guidance for practice. With the exception of the protocol 'Informing Choice for Better Shelter' that delivers a guide for the development of technical educational material, there are no published tools nor guidelines that provide an implementation framework for self-recovery in shelter projects. This project addresses this gap. CARE International has over 70 country offices across the world, all of them in ODA eligible  countries. All of the proposed activities will take place two hazard prone countries where there is a CARE presence and/or an activated coordination system in the form of a country level shelter cluster. The potential regions to be selected include South Pacific islands, East Africa, Central America, Philippines and SE Asia the precise locations to be dependent on ongoing and new disaster responses. In all instances the research team will be working with the Global Shelter Cluster, country level clusters and/or CARE International country teams. These will all be ODA eligible countries. The protocol developed will be adapted to become a preparedness tool for the specific ODA eligible country context. All outputs will be thoroughly scrutinised by the humanitarian sector and incorporated directly into practice.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "reporting_org_narrative":["DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENERGY & INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY"],
      "title_narrative":["Unseen but not unfelt: resilience to persistent volcanic emissions (UNRESP). Case study from Masaya volcano, Nicaragua"],
      "description_narrative":["Even when volcanoes are not erupting ash or lava, their persistent volcanic emissions (PVE) can be highly hazardous. PVE are extremely rich in acids (for example sulphur dioxide gas), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and heavy metals, presenting a serious and persistent source of air pollution. UNRESP foundation phase will be based at Masaya volcano in Nicaragua, one of the biggest volcanic polluters in the world, which has been causing severe air pollution in populated areas for many centuries. UNRESP seeks to reduce the impact of Masaya's PVE on the local populations by introducing early warning and mitigation procedures for episodes when volcanic air pollution reaches hazardous levels.  Over 30 countries on the Official Development Assistance list (ODA) may be suffering from PVE, yet, this hazard remains loverlooked by the Disaster Risk Reduction community in developing countries of the Global South. Most of the existing knowledge and best practices on dealing with PVEC originates from locations in the Global North, such as Hawaii, Italy and Japan, leaving major gaps in their institutional applications to Global South contexts.   While Masaya will be used as a pilot location, the results will be applicable to other areas in Nicaragua impacted by PVE, and translatable to other countries. We are aiming to build early-warning procedures which are highly applicable and easily accessible to the populations at risk, and to improve the communication between scientists, decision makers and the local communities. We will apply a stakeholder-first approach, which enables and encourages the local communities to be involved in the building of the resilience strategies.  UNRESP combines the expertise of a large and highly interdisciplinary group of UK and Nicaraguan researchers across volcanology, environmental sciences, history, human geography, sociology and anthropology. We have two volcano observatories as project partners, including Nicaragua's INETER. UNRESP also involves project partners representing the remit of public health to which our findings will be highly relevant. The project's objectives will be met through collection of new data and a review of pre-existing information, as well as through discussions and active collaboration at Nicaragua-based workshops and outreach activities.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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      "title_narrative":["International innovation follow-on for GCRF project UNRESP: Integration of air quality monitoring in Nicaragua's national hazard monitoring system"],
      "description_narrative":["In this project, we will use a newly developed system to tackle the air pollution hazard in Nicaragua. Air pollution is the largest environmental root of ill-health and premature loss of life. Each year it causes over 4 million deaths, with 90% of these in developing countries. Air pollution stems both from anthropogenic activities as well as a variety of natural sources. In the developing countries air pollution is generally poorly understood due to lack of scientific research and routine monitoring. Furthermore, while public air quality (AQ) alerts and advisories are legally mandated in the UK and other high-income countries, they are almost non-existent in the poorest parts of the world. The World Health Organisation therefore recommends that monitoring of air pollution is improved in the developing countries to better understand the impact it has on health, and to assist local authorities in establishing plans for improving AQ.    In a previous research project, our team looked at a poorly understood source of air pollution from persistently active volcanoes, using Masaya volcano in Nicaragua as a case study. Volcanic air pollution (VAP) is a chronic natural hazard potentially present in over 30 countries on the Official Development Assistance list but absent from their mitigation strategies. Almost nothing is known about the interaction of VAP with anthropogenic air pollution and the resulting impacts on health and the environment. Our previous project developed and trialled a system for monitoring VAP and assessed ways of making the system suitable for operational use. This new system can be used for monitoring AQ both from volcanoes and other sources, including anthropogenic activities such as traffic.  We will install a network of permanent AQ stations that will stream data in real-time to the Nicaraguan natural hazards observatory. We will also introduce techniques and tools for visualising and interpret the data. Nicaragua already has a well-developed system for monitoring and mitigating a number of other natural hazards, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and tsunami. The AQ network will be integrated with the pre-existing system and used alongside monitoring of other hazards. We will be collaborating with the Nicaraguan natural hazards observatory, the civil protection, and multiple other local and international end-users.  The AQ data will be used to make forecasts and issue public advisories for unhealthy air pollution levels. Public advisories allow the decision makers and the public to take measures to protect the most vulnerable persons, such as people with respiratory and heart conditions, children and the elderly. AQ monitoring also increases the awareness of decision makers and the public on air pollution issues, and is therefore an important initial step towards improving AQ in the country. We will be working closely with the local communities to ensure that the public advisories are applicable, easily understandable, and useful for their lifestyle. At the end of the project, the local end-users, such as the natural hazards observatory, will have the necessary capability and knowledge to run the AQ network and expand it as needed.","The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) supports cutting-edge research to address challenges faced by developing countries. The fund addresses the UN sustainable development goals. It aims to maximise the impact of research and innovation to improve lives and opportunity in the developing world."],
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